Washer stud

A stud that has a machined washer about mid-length that is used to join two resonators. This avoids bottoming the stud in its hole (thereby eliminating bottoming stresses) and assures good perpendicularity of the stud to its hole. There is anecdotal evidence that this may improve the performance of difficult horns —

• When used with composite horns at the joint between the tip horns and the mother horn.
• When used with contoured horns at the horn-booster joint.

See Scotto patent (figures 2 and 3) which describes such a device as prior art.

Figure 1. Washer stud