残余应力
在没有外部载荷的情况下存在于零件内部的应力。这种应力可能源于零件之间的配合过盈（如热缩配合、压配合等），也可能源于剧烈的机加工操作（如磨削、电火花加工等），还可能是人为有意引入的（如喷丸强化）。
Residual stress
A stress that is present in a part in the absence of an external load. Such a stress may be due to a misfit between parts (e.g., shrink fit, press fit, etc.), due to harsh machining operations (e.g., grinding, electro-discharge machining, etc.), or may be deliberate (e.g., shot peening).